SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX SENTENCES--TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES

 TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES

Transformation of Sentences – What Is It and Why Is It Important?

Transformation of sentences is the process by which a sentence in a particular form is transferred to another without altering its meaning unless asked to do so.

SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX SENTENCES

Types of Sentences      

A sentence may be one of four types, depending upon the number and type(s) of clauses it contains.

Clause- Definition

A clause is the part of a sentence having a subject and a verb that conveys meaning.

Two Types of Clauses

Basically, we have two clauses in English

Main Clause or Independent Clause

Subordinate Clause or Dependent Clause

An independent clause contains a subject, a verb, and a complete thought. 

Example:                   I got a job last year.                   The birds fly.                   His courage won him honour.

A dependent clause contains a subject and a verb, but no complete thought.

Example:                 Before she left the room                 As soon as he entered the room.                 Because they did not attend the class

1. A SIMPLE SENTENCE has one independent clause.it is one which has only one subject and one predicate or it is one which has only one finite verb.

Example:              Rajan reads novels.              Rajan reads newspapers.              Rajan reads novels and newspapers.(compound direct object)              Rajan reads and enjoys novels. (compound verb)              Rajan and Madhav read novels. ( compound subject)              Rajan and Madhav read and enjoy novels and newspapers.               (compond subject, verb, direct object)

Punctuation note:  NO commas separate two compound elements (subject, verb, direct object, indirect object, subjective complement, etc.) in a simple sentence.

2. A COMPOUND SENTENCE has two independent clauses joined by

        A.  a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so),

        B.  a conjunctive adverb (e.g. however, therefore, moreover), or

        C.  a semicolon alone.

Examples ( to match A,B,C above)                       A. Rajan reads novels, but Madhav reads comics.                       B. Rajan reads novels; however, Madhav reads comics.                       C. Rajan reads novels; his friend reads comics.

  Punctuation patterns (to match A, B, and C above):

        A. Independent clause, coordinating conjunction, independent clause.

        B. Independent clause; conjunctive adverb, independent clause.

        C. Independent clause; independent clause.

3. A COMPLEX SENTENCE has one dependent clause (headed by a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun) joined to an independent clause. That means it consists of one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.

Conjunctions like who, what, when, where, how, why, because, that, since, though, although, as if, etc are found

Examples:               A. Although Rajan reads novels, Madhav reads comics.               B. Madhav reads comics although Rajan reads novels,               C. Madhav, who reads comics, rarely reads novels               D. People who read comics rarely read novels.

Punctuation patterns (to match A, B, C and D above):

        A.  Dependent clause,  independent clause

        B.  Independent clause  dependent clause

        C.  Independent,    nonessential dependent clause,     clause.

        D.  Independent    essential dependent clause      clause.

4. A COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE has two independent clauses joined to one or more dependent clauses.

Examples: While Rajan reads novels, Madhav reads comics, but Sam reads only magazines. Rajan reads novels, but Madhav reads comics because books are too difficult. Madhav, who reads comics, rarely reads novels; however Rajan enjoys novels. People, who read comics, rarely read novels; they often find books difficult.

v  Independent clause (ic)

v  Dependent clause (dc)

Punctuation patterns:

Follow the rules given above for compound and complex sentences.

A compound-complex sentence is merely a combination of the two.

CONNECTORS--COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES

Two independent clauses may be joined by

    1.  Coordinating conjunctions  (FANBOYS)   Ic,  and    ic

    2.  Conjunctive adverbs       Ic;    therefore,     ic.     

A dependent (subordinate) clause may be introduced by

    1. Subordinating conjunctions (ADVERB CLAUSE)     Dc, ic.   or    Ic dc.

    2. Relative pronouns (ADJECTIVE CLAUSE)  I, dc,  c.    or      I  dc  c.

   3.  Relative pronoun, subordinating conjunctions, or adverbs (NOUN CLAUSE)